Английский язык — Вариант 1

 Вариант №1

1. I. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

• The word macroeconomics means economics in the large.
• Advertising benefits consumers in a number of ways.
• Government regulates economic activities imposing some restrictions.
• The Central Bank’s own experts are disinclined to regard the Bank’s monetary policy as a serious cause of inflation.

1. II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.

2.1. The Moscow business forum attendees will hear several reports at its plenary meeting.

2.2. Russia foreign trade organizations in most cases take out insurance with Ingosstrakh.

2.3. The work of a human resource manager is very important.

2.4. The paper money inflation does not worry oil companies.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы    сравнения,  переведите их на русский язык.

3.1. The United Kingdom’s coal industry remains one of the largest and most technologically advanced in Europe.

3.2. The more goods and services can be produced from these limited resources, the higher is the standard of living enjoyed by the country’s citizens.

3.3. There is no incentive for individuals to work harder in planned economies.

3.4. Continuous production is not so flexible as intermittent production.

1. IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая особое внимание на перевод неопределённых и отрицательных местоимений. 

  4.1. There are some trends influencing the marketing of goods and services today.

4.2. The federal budget for fiscal year 1993-1994 included estimated expenditures of some $ 1.48 billion.

4.3. Increases or decreases in demand are changes in the quantities that can be bought at any of the possible array of prices.

• Neither individuals nor societies can have all the things they want to have.

1. V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо-временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.

5.1. In a true market economy the government plays no role in the management of the economy.

5.2. In the course of the year the real wages of public-sector employees have been decreasing.

5.3. By that time the anti-monopoly ministry will probably have settled its differences with the Finance Ministry over the bill on state assistance to specific economic sectors.

5.4. Old industries, like steel and textiles, are losing their places in the international market.

1. VI. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; предложения переведите на русский язык.

6.1. Inflation cannot be eliminated without some negative changes in economics.

6.2. The managing director must not only give effective leadership to the people who are under his command but he also should work together with them.

6.3. Production may be suspended if there is a shortage of the energy supply.

6.4. The product is to perform the function for which it is intended and meet quality standards.

VII.Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Adam Smith

Seventeen seventy-six, the year that we associate with the signing of the Declaration of Independence, also marked the publication in England of one of the most influential books of our time, “The Wealth of Nations”. Written by Adam Smith, it earned the author the title “The father of economics”.

Smith objected to the principal economic beliefs of his day. He differed with the physiocrats who argued that land was the only source of wealth. He also disagreed with the mercantilists who measured the wealth of a nation by its money supply.

In Smith’s view, a nation’s wealth was dependent upon production, not agriculture alone. How much it produced, he believed, depended upon how well it combined labour and the other factors of production. The more efficient is the combination, the greater is the output and the greater is the nation’s wealth.

The heart of Smith’s economic philosophy was his belief that the economy would work[1] best if it functioned on its own without government regulation. In those circumstances, self-interest would make[2] business firms produce only those products that consumers wanted, and produce them at the lowest possible cost. They would do[3] it in an effort to outperform their competitors and gain the greatest profit.

Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:

• What title did “The Wealth of nations” bring to Adam Smith?
• What was a nation’s wealth dependent upon in Smith’s opinion?
• What was the heart of Smith’s economic philosophy?

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